Different camera movement and how it's used

Pan:  During a pan, the camera is aimed sideways along a straight line.  The camera itself is not actually moving at all. It is often fixed to tripod, with the operator turning it either left or right.
Panning is mainly used to capture images of moving objects like moving trains or people walking; or to show sweeping landscapes like an ocean or a cliff. This can be an effect shot in cinama and tv as it can captures all the surrounding in the scene. It gives the viewer a good sense of atmosphere too.

Dolly: When the entire camera moves forward or backward, this move is called dolly. If the camera is on tripod, the tripod will be moved too. Dollies are often used when recording  something, such as an actor that moves in or out going towards the camera, in which case the goal would probably be keeping the focus of the recording  at the same distance from the camera as the tripod . For the most effective dolly, the camera should be mounted on a wheeled-platform, such as an actual dolly, or a shopping cart, depending on the budget, helping make it seem more effective and natural. Moving the camera forward is called dolly in . Moving the camera backward is called dolly out.what is going on around the charaters in the scene. Directors that use the dolly will often use it to add to the specific sense of style to the film, to make it unique. Or to add to an important scene

Zoom: Despite a common misconception, the terms “zoom” and “dolly” are not the same or used in the same way when in context. With dollies, the camera is being moved in a physical space. With zooms, the camera remains at a constant position, but the lens magnify or minimize the size of the subject.

Zooms happen at the push of a button. Zoom in refers to seemingly “approaching” the the focus of the scene, thus making it look bigger in the frame. Zoom out refers to seemingly “distancing” the focus of the scene, as to making it look smaller. Directors can use this to to make a sense of urgency by quickly zooming in on the characters face.

Steadicam: Steady cam is used in film when the camera is hand held by the cinematographer in a scene, directors can choose to use this instead of a dolly as it makes the camera more mobile and easier to capture the subject of the scene. In post production the shot will be smoothed out to make it look more natural. The Steadicam is the alternative to the dolly.

Ariel cam shot: This is used to capture footage from high above, usually in a helicopter or a drone depending on the budget. It's a way of the director showing the audience the world or atmosphere we're in. In addition to this it can show what is surrounding the characters.